The Russian war against Ukraine has put at risk a significant share of global food exports, and has contributed significantly to strongly rising global food prices. This has made poor, food-import dependent countries more vulnerable, with potentially serious humanitarian consequences. The crisis...

Kürzlich veröffentlichte BIP-Zahlen bestätigen, dass die deutsche Wirtschaft dem Ende der russischen Gasimporte standgehalten hat und im vergangenen Winter sogar eine Rezession vermieden wurde. Dieses Ergebnis sollte die im letzten Jahr durch das "Was wäre, wenn"-Papier (Bachmann et al.,...

The October 2014 agreement on gas supplies between Russia, Ukraine and the European Union did not resolve the Ukraine-Russia conflict over gas. The differences between parties in terms of objectives, growing mistrust and legacy issues make it unlikely that a long-term stable arrangement will be...

In the wake of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, major sanctions have been imposed by Western countries, most notably with the aim of limiting Russia's access to hard international currency. However, Russia remains the world's first exporter of oil and gas, and at current energy prices...

The European Union has committed to eliminate all Russian fossil-fuel imports by 2027. Progress has been made, with sanctions on oil and coal already introduced. The glaring exception is natural gas, on which the EU has so far refrained from imposing limitations, owing to greater dependence on...

Das Nord-Stream-2-Projekt soll in zusätzlichen Pipelines mehr Energie aus Russland direkt nach Deutschland transportieren, und zwar ohne den Transit durch Polen und durch die Ukraine. Den USA ist dieses Projekt ein Dorn im Auge, und die US-Regierung hat sogar über Sanktionen für europäische...