Germany's bank-based financial system provides a high level of financial inclusion, measured by bank outreach and use … implementing the right to a basic bank account with an overdraft facility and protection against attachment, establishing public …

degree of centralisation. Whereas no such bank exists in the UK any longer and real savings banks in Spain have almost …. Short operational and (especially) functional distance and embeddedness in supportive regional bank associations. Short … regional level and reduce the need for standardisation, centralisation and bank mergers in times when interest rates are low. …

. The closure of the very last local savings bank in 2017 marks the preliminary end of traditional regional banking in the … one stroke a regional and public banking group with a substantial market share by restructuring the Royal Bank of Scotland … that could improve SME finance are the so-called challenger banks, a type of bank unknown in Germany. These banks differ in …

techniques for retail banking, like bank-ICT and rating systems. The detailed comparison of a savings bank with a big bank …