The German economy coped with the end of Russian gas and could have equally withstood an April 2022 cut-off. - Recently released GDP numbers confirm that the German economy withstood the end of Russian gas imports and even avoided slipping into a recession last winter. This outcome would seem to...

Kürzlich veröffentlichte BIP-Zahlen bestätigen, dass die deutsche Wirtschaft dem Ende der russischen Gasimporte standgehalten hat und im vergangenen Winter sogar eine Rezession vermieden wurde. Dieses Ergebnis sollte die im letzten Jahr durch das "Was wäre, wenn"-Papier (Bachmann et al.,...

We use a unique, comprehensive transactions-level dataset on Russian exports to evaluate the impact of international sanctions—focusing on crude oil and oil products. Relying on data through the first quarter of 2023, we find that the sanctions coalition’s strategy to keep Russian oil on the...

We use a unique high-frequency Russian customs dataset to evaluate the impact of international sanctions on Russia – focusing on Russian crude oil and oil products exports, as they are the key sources of export earnings and government revenues. We study the effects of two focal sanctions...