receiving welfare payments was about twice as high as the respective share for the entire population. Poverty head count rates … (based on a poverty threshold of 50 percent of median equivalent income) clearly increased over this period from about 10 …

examines differences in outcomes based on child socioeconomic background by focusing on the heterogeneous effects for migrant …, suggest that children who have experienced child care have a slightly lower well-being overall. For migrant children, however …Because the value of preschool child care is under intensive debate among both policymakers and society in general …

migrant access to local health and education system a large cohort of migrant children are left-behind in rural villages and …