We propose a new Quantity Dual Approach (QDA) to estimate the contribution of nontraded goods to Real Exchange Rate (RER) fluctuations. This method is immune to the bias resulting from the non-inclusion of some goods in CPI calculations and can be applied even in a stringent data environment...

We develop a method for directly modeling cointegrated multivariate time series that are observed in mixed frequencies. We regard lower-frequency data as regularly (or irregularly) missing and treat them with higher-frequency data by adopting a state-space model. This utilizes the structure of...