China's rapid economic growth in recent decades has not led to balanced income distribution: inter- and intra … development, this paper investigates the nexus between the spatial dependence and income inequality in China on a prefectural … also the choropleth maps of clusters in China, this paper reaches the conclusion that clusters of prefectures and provinces …

This paper analyses the effect of international borders and of trade agreements at international borders on subnational … 1950 and 2017. Our results show that international borders decrease regional income per capita, while trade agreements at … international borders increase regional income per capita by about the same magnitude. The positive marginal effect of trade …

spatial skill polarization and the divergence of college wage premium among local labor markets. The effects of the China … trade shock were systematically different depending on the skill intensity of local services. Among regions with skill …. The negative effects of the China shock concentrated in exposed regions with a low density of college-educated workers …

Trade between the U.S. and China is widely thought to have contributed significantly to the decline in U … trade growth between 2000 and 2007: We divide China into prefecture-level cities and construct measures of export exposure … based on a city's initial industry specialization and instrument China's export surge using the reduction in trade policy …

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within … on weighted trade shares and trade costs. In addition to the standard trade-to-GDP ratio, we derive and propose an … aggregate freeness-of-trade measure based on phiness of trade. Both measures are instrumented by proxies constructed from …

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade on interregional inequality within countries. We … estimate a model derived from a structural economic geography approach where interregional inequality depends on weighted trade … shares and trade costs and where we can derive an aggregate freeness of trade measure. These measures are instrumented based …