It has been documented that the gender pay gap strongly increases after the birth of the first child. We focus on … evidence. First, the gender pay and commuting gaps come into existence at the same moment: when the first child is born. Second … who get a child are much more likely to leave their job when they have a long commute, which is not true for men. Using …

relatively long-run measures of child health. Identifying this causal relationship is complicated due to endogenous selection and … ECLS-B. The analysis reveals a positive association between food insecurity and future child obesity in the absence of … indicate a negative causal effect of food insecurity on future child obesity. All results are extremely sensitive to …

vice products (alcohol, cigarettes and gambling). Having a working mother increases child expenditure on food products and … toys. A higher parental budget share, on any given commodity, is generally associated with an increased child budget share …