Two different approaches intend to resolve the 'puzzling' slow convergence to purchasing power parity (PPP) reported in the literature [see Rogoff (1996), Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 34.] On the one hand, there are models that consider a non-linear adjustment of real exchange rate to...

Equilibrium models of real exchange rate determination in the presence of transactions costs imply a nonlinear adjustment process toward purchasing power parity (PPP). Conventional cointegration tests, which ignore the effect of transactions costs, may be biased against the long-run PPP...

Attempts by governments to finance a substantial proportion of expenditure by seigniorage can lead to multiple inflationary equilibria. Theoretical models suggest that, in these circumstances, inflation follows a non-linear process with up to three steady states and that the stability...