optimal algorithm for workflow scheduling poses a significant challenge due to the complexity and variability of tasks and … Whale Optimization Algorithm" (PWOA) to overcome the above-mentioned problem by combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO …) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). PSO's limitation in high-dimensional search spaces, characterized by slow …

This study proposes a modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based on Hummingbird Flight (HBF) patterns … suites is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PSO-HBF algorithm. The proposed algorithm is also evaluated … demonstrated that the PSO-HBF algorithm is superior to seven other modified algorithms, improving eight and ten functions on the …