The three major credit rating agencies have reassessed sovereign credit risks in the light of the Great Financial Crisis, increasing the transparency of their methodologies. This has resulted in material shifts in the rank-ordering of risks. Simple statistical models explain the lion's share of...

In this paper, we examine external, monetary, and structural determinants of crosscountry variation in reserve volatility for 30 emerging market economies from 1973 to 2000. We find that reserve holdings and openness to be the most important determinants of reserve volatility. These results are...

This paper investigates the impact of international swap lines on stock returns using data from banks in emerging markets. The analysis shows that swap lines by the Swiss National Bank (SNB) had a positive impact on bank stocks in Central and Eastern Europe. It then highlights the importance of...