This working paper was written by Refet S. Gürkaynak (Bilkent University, CEPR, CESifo and CFS), Sang Seok Lee (Bilkent University and CEPR), Paul Luk (Hong Kong Institute for Monetary and Financial Research) and Ju Hyun Pyun (Korea University Business School).We study the joint behaviour of...

The massive stocks of foreign exchange reserves, mostly held in the form of U.S. T-bonds by emerging economies, are still an important puzzle. Why do emerging economies continue to willingly loan to the United States despite the low rates of return? We suggest that a dynamic general equilibrium...

We study the joint behavior of external debt, international reserves, and the real interest rate based on a dynamic regime-switching small open economy model that incorporates the salient features of economic crises in emerging markets. Our model allows an assessment of the two well-known...