1. Introduction. 2. Trading Mechanisms. 3. The Roll Model of Trade Prices. 4. Univariate Time-Series Analysis. 5. Sequential Trade Models. 6. Order Flow And The Probability of Informed Trading. 7. Strategic Trade Models. 8. A Generalized Roll Model. 9. Multivariate Linear Microstructure Models....

We define low-latency activity as strategies that respond to market events in the millisecond environment, the hallmark of proprietary trading by high-frequency trading firms. We propose a new measure of low-latency activity that can be constructed from publicly-available NASDAQ data to...

At subsecond horizons bids and offers in U.S. equity markets are more volatile than what would be implied by long-term fundamentals. To assess costs and consequences, the paper suggests that traders' random delays (latencies) interact with quote volatility to generate execution price risk and...

The financial crisis of 2008 highlights the importance of detecting crowded trades due to the risks they pose to the stability of the financial system and to the global economy. However, there is a perception that crowded trades are difficult to identify. To date, no single measure to capture...

The financial crisis of 2008 highlights the importance of detecting crowded trades due to the risks they pose to the stability of the financial system and to the global economy. However, there is a perception that crowded trades are difficult to identify. To date, no single measure to capture...