The objective measurements of quality based on invisible chemical attributes of gum arabic are compared with the assessment done by collectors based on visible attributes with the aim of bringing together the users’ quality requirements and the production and marketing practices of...

In agriculture, the coexistence of different forms of land tenancy or labour contract has been explained so far by several theories related to Marshallian inefficiency, incentives, risk sharing, and transaction costs, including supervision costs. These theories and the empirical evidences have...