Many investors rely on brokers to route their orders to exchanges. Exchanges charge fees to the broker who routes the order, rather than to the investor. Brokers have an incentive to route based on the fees, instead of the execution quality experienced by their clients. This conflict of interest...

Several exchanges in futures and options deploy pro-rata matching. The executed size of limit orders in pro-rata markets is never certain, unlike in price-time priority matching systems. This article derives the optimal size of limit orders in pro-rata markets given the trader's desired...