We investigate the disclosure and prominence of non-GAAP earnings metrics in IPO prospectuses and how these disclosures affect IPO valuation. In contrast to already-public firms, we find an inverted U-shaped relation between IPO firms' GAAP performance and the likelihood that they will disclose...

We compare non-GAAP EPS in annual earnings announcements and proxy statements using hand-collected data from SEC filings. We find that proxies for capital market incentives (contracting incentives) are more highly associated with disclosure of non-GAAP EPS in annual earnings announcements (proxy...

An influential emerging literature, led by Bolton and Kacperczyk (2021a), documents strong correlations between unscaled raw emissions and both stock returns and operating performance. We re-examine that data, using a sample of 2,729 U.S. firms from 2005-2019, and conclude that the associations...