Motivated by the current discussion to reform the election process of directors to the board, this paper presents a model that shows that when shareholders have direct access to proxy the quality of the board improves. This is so, because more independent directors – regarded as better...

We examine the voting behavior of Registered Investment Funds (Mutual Funds, ETFs and Close-end Funds) on Hedge Funds proposals, a common vehicle of value-driven shareholder activism. We compare the support rates of Registered Funds versus other voting shareholders on different types of...