Shareholder proposals are increasingly important tools for corporate reformers, yet courts, policy makers, and scholars are concerned that proposals may be used "opportunistically" as bargaining chips by activists to extract side payments from management. This paper investigates whether labor...

This paper develops a theory of how shareholder decision rights over policies and directors affect firm value. The model highlights the distinction between the right to approve and the right to propose. The right to approve is weak; the right to propose is impactful but can help as well as hurt...

Extant literature finds insignificant abnormal returns around shareholder meetings. We verify those findings but show that option implied volatility gradually declines by about 1.04 percent between record and meeting dates and then by about 0.30 percent right after annual meetings. These...