Did banks curb lending to creditworthy small and mid-sized enterprises (SME) during the COVID-19 pandemic? Sitting on top of minimum capital requirements, regulatory capital buffers introduced after the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) are costly regions of "rainy day" equity capital designed...

We study the severe credit crunch of finance companies (SOFOLES) in Mexico using firm-level data between 2001 and 2011. Our results provide supporting evidence for a liquidity shock in the form of restricted access to commercial bank loans, loans from other organizations and public debt markets...

This paper investigates the mortgage lending of banks operating in multiple U.S. metropolitan areas during the housing market collapse of 2007-2009. Some metro areas in the U.S. suffered much greater mortgage defaults than others. We use this regional variation to identify whether high mortgage...

This study investigates the mortgage lending of banks operating in multiple U.S. metropolitan areas during the housing market collapse of 2007-2009. We show that multimarket banks reduced local portfolio lending in response to high overall mortgage delinquencies in their other markets,...