Do governments in less-democratic newly industrialized countries (NICs) bargain with their citizens? In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to show that the government may not be able to avoid bargaining in open economies, such as the Asian-NICs, when economic conditions are...

Does the lack of competitive elections in the less democratic newly industrialized or industrializing countries (NICs) mean that their governments are unconstrained by their citizens' preferences for economic performance? In this article, I show how non-electoral mechanisms in the less...

Studies of participatory policy-making show citizens' participation in policy-making yield better solutions and more successful policy performance. But studies of the Asian newly industrialized countries (NICs) of South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan attribute the successful economic policies and...