The detrimental effects of ambient ozone on crops, even at relatively low concentrations, are well-established (Thompson et al., 1976; Heck and Brandt, 1977; Heck et al., 1982; Environmental Protection Agency, 1984; California Air Resources Board, 1987; Olszyk et al., 1988a, 1988b; Heagle et al., 1986; McCool et al., 1986,...

Particles and gases in the atmosphere scatter and absorb light, and thereby reduce visibility (Watson and Chow, 1994; Richards et al., 1990; Ozkaynak et al., 1985). Although natural sources of particles, such as volcanoes, can significantly degrade visibility, it generally is true that “when...

In this Report, we explain how we model the contribution of motor-vehicles and other emissions sources to ambient air pollution.

In many urban areas, noise is a serious problem. Noise disturbs sleep, disrupts activities, hinders work, impedes learning, and causes stress (Linster, 1990). Indeed, surveys often find that noise is the most common disturbance in the home (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development...

I arrived here at the UC Transportation Center just nine months ago. A former lawyer and aspiring writer, I had only a layman's knowledge of transportation systems, mostly based on my personal experiences.  Growing up in Hilo, Hawaii, I thought traffic jams meant having to circle the parking...

Every year, Americans drivers spend hundreds of billions of dollars on highway transportation. They pay for vehicles, maintenance, repair, fuel, lubricants, tires, parts, insurance, parking, tolls, registration, fees, and other items. These expenditures buy Americans considerable personal...

Personal non-monetary costs are those unpriced costs of motor-vehicle use that a person imposes on herself as a result of her decision to travel. The largest personal costs of motor-vehicle use are personal travel time in uncongested conditions and the risk of getting into an accident that...

In this Report, we seek to answer the question: “If the U.S. highway transportation sector did not use oil, how much would the U.S. Federal government reduce its military commitment in the Persian Gulf?†The analysis goes in four parts. First, we explain that the U.S. protects its...

In our analysis of the social cost of motor-vehicle use, many of our data sources, methods, and estimates of cost apply in the first instance to all classes of motor vehicles. For example, we are given, or can estimate from primary data, the following: - total government expenditures on the...