Purpose In 2022, the EMES Network celebrated its 20th anniversary. The purpose of this paper is to trace the intellectual path of social enterprise (SE) research that has unfolded through some of the major EMES research projects. Design/methodology/approach This journey is recounted through...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is feasible to theoretically and empirically build an international typology of social enterprise (SE) models. The authors first rely on their previous work (Defourny and Nyssens, 2017), suggesting that the concept of “interest...

The paper analyses how the work integration social enterprises (WISE) of the Walloon Region mix different types of resources and, in that way, how they are embedded in different economic spheres. Indeed, according to Polanyi, we can distinguish three types of resources, each one having its own...