The civil law contracts are a special category of atypical contracts used to contract labour in Poland. There are two main types of civil law contracts: the contract to perform specified work (umowa o dzieło) and the contract of mandate (umowa zlecenie). The latter is more popular than the...

Project-based continuous collaboration contract (Contratto di collaborazione a progetto, or Co.co.pro.) is a non-standard form of employment contract established in Italy in 2003 that gradually replaced the earlier coordinated and continuous collaboration contract (Contratto di collaborazione...

This study summarises the information provided by the Member States in their annual voluntary reports on their experience and progress concerning cooperation on fraud and error in the reference year 2016, as provided for in Decision H5 of the Administrative Commission for the Coordination of...

Casual work in the form of contractual day-labour has been legally endorsed in Romania by the Law 52/2011, which followed shortly the revised labour code (Law 40/2011) that significantly deregulated the labour market and limited trade unionism. In its initial version, the law represented a sharp...

Mini-jobs have become a key feature of the German labour market, as one fifth of dependent employed hold a mini-job. Among the 7.6 million mini-jobber, 4.9 million have mini-jobs as a main job, the remaining ones as a second job. The by far most important form of mini-jobs (geringfügige...

In this case study, the situation of self-employed persons without employees (SEWE) in the Netherlands is described with regard to their labour market and socio-economic position and access to social protection. Also, differences in the Dutch tax regime between SEWE and salaried workers and the...

In Spain, the figure of economically dependent self-employment (trabajador autónomo económicamente dependiente, TRADE) was regulated in 2007 in the Self-employed Workers' Statute (Ley del Estatuto del Trabajador Autónomo, LETA). The most important criterion used to establish whether a worker...

This collection of best practice examples shows how European Union Member States are improving access to social protection for workers and self-employed citizens. It was developed by national authorities and social partners for national authorities and social partners, to support the...