This chapter explores the central question: Is Vietnam transitioning out of socialism and/or transforming socialism? For decades, commentators have confidently predicted that Vietnam is transitioning out of socialism towards ‘market-Leninism’. This chapter argues that political, legal and...

Economic and political reforms have triggered the return of individual property in socialist Asia brought these countries into the globalized economy that is characterized by legally protected property rights. Reforms have also provoked debate in the media, academic circles, and among state...

This article argues that judicial independence is a poor indicator of the capacity of courts to effectively resolve commercial disputes. Judicial power is a more accurate measure because it assesses whether courts have sufficient jurisdiction, discretionary authority and enforcement powers to...