This study examines the existing relationship between announcements of debt rating changes for companies listed on the Spanish stock exchange and the liquidity of their stocks for the period of 2000 to 2010. Liquidity around the announcement day is analyzed using different liquidity measures...

The influence of rating announcements on corporate debt market trading has been previously overlooked. Based on an event study, we examine the effects of the three types of announcements provided by credit rating agencies on abnormal trading volume and trading frequency in the Spanish corporate...

In the past decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the trade-off between guns and butter, namely defense versus social sector expenditure. The aim of this research is identifying whether indeed defense spending crowded out investment and other social expenditures as health and...