The Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) is a research tool that is designed to identify potential risks to media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union and in Candidate Countries. This narrative report has been produced on the basis of the implementation of the MPM that was carried out...

Spain's Presidency of the EU Council during the second semester of 2023 has come at a time of multiple crises (Russian aggression against Ukraine, energy, and global food crises) that play out against the backdrop of a worsening state of global governance, growing strategic and economic...

The Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) is a cutting-edge tool co-funded by the European Union and developed by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) to annually monitor and assess the state of media freedom and media pluralism within national media systems in Europe. The most recent...

This paper analyses the foundations, possible applications and the effects of tourism taxation in Spain. The article begins with an analysis of the economic and environmental reasons for taxing tourism, which would seem to call for taxes based on the principle of benefit, for either revenue or...

This paper analyses the foundations, possible applications and the effects of tourism taxation in Spain. The article begins with an analysis of the economic and environmental reasons for taxing tourism, which would seem to call for taxes based on the principle of benefit, for either revenue or...

Due to climate change, energy dependence and other energy-related issues, most developed countries are attempting to reduce fossil-fuel use in the transport sector. Accordingly, there are several instruments that have been in place for many years, such as mandatory design standards, taxes on...

Growing concerns about climate change and energy dependence are driving specific policies to support renewable or more efficient energy sources such as cogeneration in many regions, particularly in the production of electricity. These policies have a non-negligible cost, and therefore a careful...

Many economists propose the superiority of market-based instruments, and an increasing use of such measures in OECD countries has taken place. However, there has been (and still is) some reluctance by policymakers to use market-based instruments in climate policy. This article provides a...