Ethical-factor investing is investment decision-making that takes into account ethical factors. Part 1 described the three prudent approaches to ethical-factor investing: (1) the Incorporation approach, which does the right thing only if it improves financial returns; (2) the Tie-Breaker...

Ethical-factor investing is investment decision-making that takes into account ethical factors. It includes faith-based investing, Environmental, Social or Governance (ESG) investing, and sustainable investing. It is becoming more and more widespread. This has occurred despite a lack of widely...

Individuals often fund charitable gifts with their savings or retirement benefits. However, such benefits, other than those from a Roth individual retirement arrangement, are generally included in the individual's gross income when received, and may not be deductible from the donor's income....

Ethical-factor investing shall be defined as using ethics, such as an enterprise’s policies regarding social/economic/health justice, sustainability, climate change, or corporate governance, as a factor to determine whether to acquire, dispose of, or how to exercise ownership rights in an...

IRS Notice 2020-50 clarified many issues with the respect to how the CARES Act allows participants and beneficiaries to access their own savings and retirement plan benefits to address their cash-flow problems without adversely affecting their benefits. However, the Notice also highlights the...

Plan administrators may permit participants and beneficiaries to access their own plan benefits to address their cash-flow problems without adverse tax consequences with more favorable plan loan policies. These policies are not limited to the CARES Act provisions permitting “qualified...

The CARES Act provides cash-flow relief for individuals who want to access their savings and retirement plan benefits without adverse tax consequences. There are significant outstanding issues with those provisions. The article discusses and proposes technical corrections to address three such...

The CARES Act provides cash flow relief for qualified individuals with savings and retirement benefits by enhancing provisions for direct loans and indirect loans (repayable distributions) of such benefits. Both the IRS and DOL have recently issued guidance with respect coronavirus-related...

The CARES Act forgives federal student loan payments with due dates between March 27, 2020 and September 30, 2020 and suspends the minimum required distribution rules for distributions otherwise due during the 2020 calendar year. The CARES Act also provides cash flow relief for qualified...

Individuals often fund charitable gifts with their savings or retirement benefits. Such benefits, other than those from a Roth individual retirement account or annuity, are generally included in the individual's gross income when received. However, individuals may not be able to deduct for...