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We document an increase in the scoring probability from penalties in soccer, which separates the time period before 1974 significantly from that after 1976: the scoring probability increased by 11%. We explain this finding by arguing that the institution of penalty-shooting before 1974 is best...

We analyze group contests for public goods by applying the solution concept of an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS). We show that a global ESS cannot exist, because a mutant free-rider can always invade group behavior successfully. There does exist, however, a unique local ESS, which we...

Motivationen treiben Entscheidungen an. Doch welche Ziele werden im Kontext ökonomischer Entscheidungen verfolgt? Sowohl die 'Realität' als auch die experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung zeichnen ein widersprüchliches Bild. 'Fairneß' beeinflußt Verhandlungsergebnisse, 'Reziprozität' hilft...

We characterize the equilibrium of the all-pay auction with general convex cost of effort and sequential effort choices. We consider a set of n players who are arbitrarily partitioned into a group of players who choose their efforts ?early? and a group of players who choose ?late?. Only the...