In this paper, we explore the conditions under which secondary stakeholder groups are likely to elicit positive firm responses. To this end, we build upon and advance Mitchell, Agle, and Wood's (1997) stakeholder saliency and identification framework by defining saliency in terms of actions, not...

In this paper, we advance the stakeholder theory literature by developing and testing a set of hypotheses concerning which firms are likely to be targeted by secondary stakeholder groups. To test these hypotheses, we draw upon a unique dataset of stakeholder actions within the United States...