In antitrust class-action litigation, courts are increasingly unlikely to accept the presumption that all class members were harmed by price-fixing among a group of firms or by exclusionary behavior by a single firm. Econometric methods typically applied in antitrust and other settings estimate...

We develop a new specification test for the IV estimators adopting a particular second order approximation of Bekker (1994). The new specification test compares the difference of the forward (conventional) 2SLS estimator of the coefficient of the right hand side endogenous variable with the...

We develop a new specification test for IV estimators adopting a particular second order approximation of Bekker. The new specification test compares the difference of the forward (conventional) 2SLS estimator of the coefficient of the right-hand side endogenous variable with the reverse 2SLS...