In econometrical literature, various incomplete-data models have been developed to reflect economic phenomena. For incomplete-data models, it is not easy to construct test statistics because the observed log-likelihood function often involves intractable integrals which make it very difficult to...

A new Wald-type statistic is proposed for hypothesis testing based on Bayesian posterior distributions. The new statistic can be explained as a posterior version of Wald test and have several nice properties. First, it is well-defined under improper prior distributions. Second, it avoids...