The EU Commission and the Member States are concerned about the levels of VAT fraud and avoidance in the EU. The 2016 study on the EU VAT gap (based on 2014 data) measures the total amount of VAT lost in the EU at 159.5 billion EUR, representing 14% of the total expected VAT revenue. A number of...

The VAT compliance gap measures the difference between the VAT revenue that would be collected in the case of full compliance and the actual revenue collected. The actionable VAT policy gap measures the VAT revenue foregone due to those reduced VAT rates and exemptions which could, in principle,...

Value Added Tax (VAT) in the European Union (EU) is a broad-based tax levied on goods and services used or consumed in the territory of the EU. It serves as one of the core revenue sources for the general government of EU Member States. In 2023, the VAT revenue-to-GDP ratio amounted to 7.2% of...

This report presents the findings from an experimental estimation of the personal income tax (PIT) and social security contributions (SSC) compliance gaps for Austria (years 2009, 2014, 2019) and Poland (years 2016-2021). The methodology used was developed during Phase I of this study, which...

The report 'Tax reforms in EU Member States' serves four main purposes. Firstly, it reviews the most important tax reforms recently implemented in EU Member States. Secondly, it discusses a number of challenges relating to tax policy that may affect macroeconomic performance, in terms of growth,...

A country's tax system affects its government revenues but also has broader economic and societal implications. The question how to effectively address these different dimensions is at the fore of policy discussions in the EU and its Member States. Carefully designed tax systems can help...

A country's tax system affects its government revenues but also has broader economic and societal implications. The question how to effectively address these different dimensions is at the fore of policy discussions in the EU and its Member States. Carefully designed tax systems can help...

This report analyses recent tax reforms in EU Member States and identifies tax policy challenges faced by EU Member States. The report first presents tax reforms implemented in EU Member States in 2012 and the first half of 2013. Second, it discusses selected tax policy challenges that are...