This paper examines the application of state aid rules to sale of public enterprises. Recent cases confirm the well-established principles that in order to exclude state aid from the sale of a public enterprise i) the selling authority must act as a private vendor who seeks to maximize revenue;...

European Union funding co-managed by Member State authorities is considered to be a state resource that may only be granted in conformity with the rules on state aid. Compliance with both state aid and Structural Funds' rules appears to be problematic, hence this study identifies the relevant...

State aid involves the transfer of state resources. These are resources which are controlled by public authorities. EU funds which are granted directly to undertakings without coming under the control of a public authority of a Member State cannot be considered to be state resources. However, EU...

State aid involves the transfer of state resources. These are resources which are controlled by public authorities. EU funds which are granted directly to undertakings without coming under the control of a public authority of a Member State cannot be considered to be state resources. However, EU...