New financial technologies - including those underpinning cryptocurrencies - herald broader access to the financial system, quicker and more easily verifiable settlement of transactions and payments, and lower transaction costs. Domestic and cross-border payment systems are on the threshold of...

The objective of the present research is to assess how and to what extent government-to-person (G2P) digital welfare, and business-to-person (B2P) electronic payroll practices, affect formal financial inclusion outcomes in the global open economy. To this end, the paper relies on the...

Renewable energy can become a fraction of the cost of burning carbon to generate electricity in communities that use money that has a usage charge described as "demurrage". As with Islamic banking, demurrage money eliminates discounting future values from the ability of earning interest today....

The paper examines the evolving role of gold in the light of the current gold rush in India despite the worsening financial crisis across the globe and aggressive inflationary conditions. Economically, gold is a lucrative investment that consistently provides high rate of returns, a hedge...

Facilitating legislation is required for citizens to initiate local referendums to adopt urban property rights that provide sustainable affordable housing and infrastructure. New laws and regulations are required so official currencies do not: (a) create inefficiencies and climate change from...

Money becomes sustainable when its value is defined by electricity produced from local benign renewable energy sources. As energy consumption is related to living standards, Sustainable Money introduces a global unit of account with its value determined by the capacity of each bioregion to...

In the inverted yield curve environment, whether the sixteen SDGs set up by the United Nations could be realized by 2030 sparks interesting considerations. Meanwhile, as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand is considering the potential issuance of the CBDC, the boost to SDG 8 - decent work and...

While the potential issuance of CBDC might enable SDG 8 to be realized in New Zealand, mutual interactions between SDG 8 and other goals attract interesting considerations of if both SDG 8 and other goals could be achieved. SDGs are grouped in terms of the common characteristics that will enable...