Present research is aimed to examine the factors affecting the disclosure of corporate carbon emission. Investors, especially shareholders, largely rely upon the disclosure of financial and other data to determine the firm value. However, disclosure of environmental performance such as carbon...

The current global economic development faces social and environmental challenges, such as climate change and environmental pollution, which requires firms to be more socially responsible. Due to the fast-growing corporate social responsibility (CSR) consciousness and concerns of individual...

This paper develops a general equilibrium model of a productive economy with negative externalities. Investors are not willing to accept lower returns than their best investment alternatives and entrepreneurs maximize profits. If capital markets are subject to a search friction, an ESG fund can...

Environmental disasters are thought to increase the focus on corporate sustainability in the communities where they occur. Extracting data on wildfires (a frequent type of disaster in the U.S.) and using ESG ratings and EPA air enforcement actions to construct measures of local corporate...

The Securities and Exchange Commission is at the center of one of the fiercest debates in climate policy and corporate governance: What should U.S. public companies disclose about their climate change risks and other ESG issues? The debate has been intractable for fifty years. Activists and...

Sustainability is receiving increasing attention from issuers, investors and regulators. The desire to understand issuer sustainability practices and their relationship to economic performance has resulted in a proliferation of sustainability disclosure regimes and standards. The range of...

The relationship between sustainability performance and sustainability disclosure remains ambiguous, both theoretically and empirically. Voluntary disclosure theory would suggest that the relationship should be positive, whereas legitimacy theory points toward a negative relationship. However,...

Management and disclosure of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues have received substantial interest over the last decade. In this paper, we outline a framework of how ESG issues become financially material, affecting corporate profitability and valuation. We argue that...