This paper seeks to answer the question of how banking regulation can contribute to environmental sustainability objectives. The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and 2015 Paris Climate Change Treaty place climate action and environmental challenges as central to the required...

We study investor activism promoting environmental, social and governance (ESG) improvements using a proprietary dataset. Targets have a higher market share, analyst coverage, stock returns, and liquidity. The engagements lead to ESG rating adjustments. Activism is more likely to succeed when...

Shareholder activism on sustainability issues has become increasingly prevalent over the years, with the number of proposals filed doubling from 1999 to 2013. We use recent innovations in accounting standard setting to classify 2,665 shareholder proposals that address environmental and social...