We apply a non-linear setting in capturing ESG factors. The non-linear factor captures the pricing of cross-section distribution of ESG scores. We find that the factors for ESG, E, and S scores deviate from linearity. The extent of deviation depends on the type of ESG scores as well as the...

Recent empirical studies show that ESG sentiment, the attitude of investors toward a company’s ESG performance, is a major factor that affects stock performance. While investing in ESG could bring potential risk deduction benefits, changing ESG sentiments in the market will lead to additional...