Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is considered as an indicator of firm performance. The literature relating to EO is reviewed and a hypothesis of a universal effect model is developed and tested to explain the relationship of EO to the performance of small business. The fact that the...

Using an evolutionary model and a sample of 7,166 firms in the manufacturing and technology sectors of Sweden, we find that surviving organizations founded independent of a parent organization have lower long-term failure rates than their protected subsidiary counterparts. Specifically, we find...