According to the literature, well known tariff reform rules that are guaranteed to increase welfare will not necessarily increase market access, while rules that are guaranteed to increase market access will not necessarily increase welfare. Such conflict between welfare and market access...

We examine in detail the circumstances under which reciprocity, as defined in Bagwell and Staiger (1999), leads to fixed world prices. We show that a change of tariffs satisfying reciprocity does not necessarily imply constant world prices in a world of many goods and countries. While it is...

In this paper we examine the issue of optimal tariffs for a small economy that trades with a large economy. We define "small" and "large" in the sense that the world prices are determined solely by the large country, and, therefore, the small country faces exogenously given world prices. Within...