This paper examines the effect of three major national innovation policies (patent protection, research and development (R&D) tax incentives, and government funding of business R&D) on business R&D spending. Unlike previous work, we also consider the effect of openness to international trade. We...

The authors use data on all business parcels and property tax incentives in Cook County to analyze the use of business tax incentives from 2012 through 2014. By law, Cook County commercial and industrial parcels are assessed at 25 percent of market value. Under certain conditions, however, these...