Tax expenditure programs that Poland introduced in 1992 to compensate lower-income taxpayers for the withdrawal of subsidies have proliferated, making the normative tax system difficult for the average taxpayer to understand, reducing the tax base, and benefiting the higher-income taxpayers more...

Poland has recently begun reforming its tax program. In December 1999 it announced a gradual reduction in the corporate income tax rate, from 34 percent in 1999 to 22 percent in 2004. Value added and excise taxes are being harmonized with European Union directives, which means higher value added...

Tax expenditures are concessions that fall outside tax norms or benchmarks. These norms include accounting conventions, the structure of tax rates, the deductibility of compulsory payments, provisions to facilitate tax administration, and norms related to international fiscal obligations. Tax...