Underground activities affect crucial fiscal ratios generating “gaps” both in government revenues and in national accounts. I address this topic exploiting the peculiarities of the Italian situation. First, I describe the pros and cons of the Italian method to estimate the (non trivial share...

We develop a general theoretical model to compare two different policymakers both facing tax evasion. Policymakers differs in that they aim to maximize either the fiscal revenues (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$T$$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) as in a social-democracy as, e.g., Sweden, or the GDP as in a capitalistic country as, e.g., the USA. Both...</equationsource></inlineequation>

The use of TFR (a sort of severance payment) to fund the complementary pension scheme, except when the worker explicitly says not to, has been established by the legislative measures reforming the Italian pension system (law n. 243 approved in summer 2004 and decree n. 252 approved in December...