incompleteness between groups becomes more serious, the players devote fewer resources to the intra-group conflict. Moreover, there …

We investigate situations in which players make costly contributions as group members in a group conflict, and at the … asymmetry and complementarity in members'efforts, and analyze how each group's internal conflict in-fluences its chance of … winning in the external conflict. We find that a more symmetric group may expend more effort in external conflict when the …

-divisional contests. Second, competition in the intra-divisional contest is less fierce. Both effects induce a higher marginal utility of …

-divisional contests. Second, competition in the intra-divisional contest is fiercer. Both effects lower the marginal utility of effort …

-divisional contests. Second, competition in the intradivisional contest is less fierce. Both effects induce a higher marginal utility of …

-divisional contests. Second, competition in the intradivisional contest is less fierce. Both effects induce a higher marginal utility of …

compares conflict choices of players in two-against-two, one-against-one, and two-against-one settings. Overall, we find … evidence for a higher propensity to opt for conflict when entering the fight in a group than when having to fight as a single … coincide with a biased perception of the fighting strength in asymmetric conflict. …