sample of firms in Vietnam, Senegal, and the Brazilian state of Ceara. The analysis finds a large variance in technology … sophistication across the business functions of a firm. The within-firm variance in technology sophistication is greater than the … countries. The paper documents a stable cross-firm relationship between technology at the business function and firm levels …

This paper studies the origins and consequences of international technology gaps. I develop an endogenous growth model … where R&D efficiency varies across countries and productivity differences emerge from firm-level technology investments. The … theory characterizes how innovation and learning determine technology gaps, trade and global income inequality. Countries …