Reducing energy intensity is crucial for maintaining national energy security and achieving green economic transition. External circulation involving imitating or obtaining the patents, marketing skills and management experience in the host country via the enterprise’s outward foreign direct...

Complementary technological linkages provide access to the external technology at lower cost and compensate for weak or absent local technological capabilities, which has an important role in improving carbon emissions efficiency. This study examines this issue in the industrial sector in China....

This study utilizes firm-level data from the World Bank's Enterprise Survey Indicator Database, conducted between 2009 and 2018 for 32 countries in Africa, to examine the causal relationship between firm productivity, innovation, and financial development. We show evidence that firm innovation...