Technological creation and mass production are usually associated with large-scale production, while technological absorption is found more often in small-scale, competitive firms. Thus, the link between the innovative and absorptive sectors defines a technological and market power gradient that...

Trade and investment liberalization policies put in place in the 1980's ushered in a new era of globalization and currently form the mainstay of global development policy. However, underdevelopment itself originated in the context of globalization in the nineteenth century. I first summarize the...

Understanding the effort of saving as part of labor effort means that the labor value of a product is the discounted sum of the amounts of labor that produce it. Thus, the price of any product is the sum of its labor value plus the sum of discounted profits integrated in its costs and sale....