This paper describes MLR in utility markets, explains how globalization drives MLR, and describes how MLR in turn causes firms to become even more global, as each firm strives to enter into markets further and further removed from its traditional markets. It first describes the industry...

We address the implications of GAFA’s choice of points of interconnection in the global North versus the global South to understand the degree to which the global South is underserved, if at all. We find that more than twice as many countries in the global South have no GAFA presence at all...

Until now, researchers have not addressed the relationship of competition and investment in China’s telecommunications industry, the biggest mobile telecommunications market in the world with unique institutional characteristics. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining the effects of...