This paper explores the issue of the multilateral interchange fees from the perspective of the competition law. The multilateral interchange fees are payments for card transactions operated through financial institutions such as Visa and MasterCard. The issue raised by the European Commission is...

This paper examines Japan's response to ‘external pressure', mainly from Europe and the US, focussing on the ‘mercantile response' by merchants and financiers. Before the beginning of free trade in 1859, many money exchange merchants in Osaka transacted with merchants and wealthy farmers...

Eine in Deutschland prominent vertretene Position schlägt vor, die Tradition des "Ehrbaren Kaufmanns" als zentrale historische Quelle heranzuziehen, um eine stärkere positive Fundierung von Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) zu ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelt dieser Beitrag...