In empirical applications of structural equation modeling researchers often assume that the sample under investigation is homogenous unless observed characteristics allow for a division of the sample into mutual exclusive homogenous subgroups. If such information is not available, unobserved...

This article evaluates the performance of structural equation models in validating measurement models for hypothetical constructs and deals with specific issues following from the way this methodology is typically applied in scale construction. In particular, controlling for various types of...

Comparing groups with respect to hypothetical constructs requires that the measurement models are equal across groups. Otherwise conclusions drawn from the observed indicators regarding differences at the latent level (mean differences, differences in the structural relations) might be severly...

In times of increasing oil prices and a weak dollar, European companies that focus their business on the US market may find themselves in a weak position. While many businesses can hedge this kind of risk by relocating production to the US, or employing financial remedies, these strategies may...