The article presents a historical review of the literature related to the empirical problem of excessive risk premium. The risk premium (the difference between the return on equities and risk-free rate) observed in financial markets cannot be reconciled with theoretical models of financial...

According to standard finance, risk and return are positively correlated, but many studies conducted in the behavioral finance and prospect theory context have revealed that risk and return are not positively correlated, but are negatively correlated. In this study, effort has been made to...

Purpose: the aim of this paper is to investigate the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network equilibrium wiht the consideration of three practical factors: two complementary types of suppliers, risk-averse character of the manufacturer and capacity constraints of the suppliers....