This chapter investigates the determinants of the volatility of spread in the over-the-counter foreign exchange market and examines whether the relationships differ in the crisis periods. We compute the measures for the volatility of liquidity by using bid-ask spread data sampled at a high...

This study explores environmental, social and governance (ESG) rating disagreement among different providers, given the variation and lack of consensus in ESG ratings. We utilise three prominent ESG ratings (Sustainalytics, MSCI and Asset4) and employ four aggregation methods (equal-weighted...

This paper investigates whether there is a banking risk premium that helps explain the returns of US publicly listed firms. We assess this phenomenon in the context of the capital asset pricing model and the Fama and French three-factor model. We use bank size to create the banking factor – a...

This paper investigates how deposit insurance and capital adequacy affect bank risk for five developed and nine emerging markets over the period of 1992–2015. Although full coverage of deposit insurance induces moral hazard by banks, deposit insurance is still an effective tool, especially...